Python error handling refers to the process of dealing with errors and exceptions that may occur during program execution. Errors and exceptions can arise due to a variety of reasons, such as incorrect user input, syntax errors, or runtime issues. Python offers several mechanisms for handling errors, including the try-except block, which allows developers to catch and handle exceptions that occur during program execution. By implementing robust error handling mechanisms in their Python programs, developers can ensure that their code is more resilient and less prone to crashing or producing unexpected results.